locus-tag	class	description
EP180_RS00055	COG0338	D12 class N6 adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase
EP180_RS00115	COG1956	GAF domain-containing protein
EP180_RS00120	COG2518	Catalyzes the methyl esterification of L-isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins that result from spontaneous decomposition of normal L-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues. It plays a role in the repair and or degradation of damaged proteins
EP180_RS00125	COG0607	Catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of a sulfur to tRNA to produce 4-thiouridine in position 8 of tRNAs, which functions as a near-UV photosensor. Also catalyzes the transfer of sulfur to the sulfur carrier protein ThiS, forming ThiS-thiocarboxylate. This is a step in the synthesis of thiazole, in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. The sulfur is donated as persulfide by IscS
EP180_RS00160	COG1505	serine-type exopeptidase activity
EP180_RS00190	COG1214	PFAM Peptidase M22, glycoprotease
EP180_RS00250	COG0439	Biotin carboxylase
EP180_RS00255	COG0511	ligase activity, forming carbon-carbon bonds
EP180_RS00305	COG2852	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS00365	COG0489	protein tyrosine kinase activity
EP180_RS00375	COG0526	COG0526, thiol-disulfide isomerase and thioredoxins
EP180_RS00410	COG0012	GTP binding
EP180_RS00450	COG0196	riboflavin kinase activity
EP180_RS00580	COG0613	PHP domain protein
EP180_RS00585	COG3977	Valine--pyruvate aminotransferase
EP180_RS00595	COG0399	UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose aminotransferase
EP180_RS00600	COG2148	undecaprenyl-phosphate glucose phosphotransferase activity
EP180_RS00620	COG1985	Converts 2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate into 5-amino-6-(ribosylamino)-2,4(1h,3h)- pyrimidinedione 5'-phosphate
EP180_RS00620	COG0117	Converts 2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate into 5-amino-6-(ribosylamino)-2,4(1h,3h)- pyrimidinedione 5'-phosphate
EP180_RS00630	COG0121	glutamine amidotransferase
EP180_RS00710	COG1333	cytochrome c biogenesis protein
EP180_RS00715	COG0755	Required for the export of heme to the periplasm for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes
EP180_RS00745	COG0431	NADPH-dependent FMN reductase
EP180_RS00755	COG2851	Citrate transporter
EP180_RS00770	COG1530	ribonuclease E activity
EP180_RS00785	COG1200	Critical role in recombination and DNA repair. Helps process Holliday junction intermediates to mature products by catalyzing branch migration. Has a DNA unwinding activity characteristic of a DNA helicase with a 3'- to 5'- polarity. Unwinds branched duplex DNA (Y-DNA)
EP180_RS00870	COG0720	synthase
EP180_RS00880	COG3759	membrane
EP180_RS00900	COG1757	Na H antiporter
EP180_RS00910	COG0265	Trypsin-like serine proteases, typically periplasmic, contain C-terminal PDZ domain
EP180_RS00915	COG0177	DNA repair enzyme that has both DNA N-glycosylase activity and AP-lyase activity. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases various damaged pyrimidines from DNA by cleaving the N- glycosidic bond, leaving an AP (apurinic apyrimidinic) site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate
EP180_RS00935	COG1757	Na H antiporter
EP180_RS00985	COG0513	Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family
EP180_RS00995	COG0042	Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines
EP180_RS01010	COG1560	Kdo2-lipid A biosynthetic process
EP180_RS01025	COG0308	aminopeptidase N
EP180_RS01030	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS01080	COG0803	Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 9 family
EP180_RS01085	COG1108	ABC-type Mn2 Zn2 transport systems permease components
EP180_RS01120	COG2205	protein histidine kinase activity
EP180_RS01125	COG0745	RESPONSE REGULATOR receiver
EP180_RS01145	COG0805	protein transport
EP180_RS01170	COG1063	alcohol dehydrogenase
EP180_RS01180	COG0123	including yeast histone deacetylase and acetoin utilization protein
EP180_RS01185	COG1862	Preprotein translocase
EP180_RS01190	COG0342	Part of the Sec protein translocase complex. Interacts with the SecYEG preprotein conducting channel. SecDF uses the proton motive force (PMF) to complete protein translocation after the ATP-dependent function of SecA
EP180_RS01195	COG0341	Part of the Sec protein translocase complex. Interacts with the SecYEG preprotein conducting channel. SecDF uses the proton motive force (PMF) to complete protein translocation after the ATP-dependent function of SecA
EP180_RS01205	COG3842	ATPase activity
EP180_RS01210	COG1176	ABC-type spermidine putrescine transport system, permease component I
EP180_RS01215	COG1177	transmembrane transport
EP180_RS01225	COG0665	tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase activity
EP180_RS01230	COG0004	ammonium transporteR
EP180_RS01255	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS01270	COG2833	Protein of unknown function (DUF455)
EP180_RS01300	COG0663	COG0663 Carbonic anhydrases acetyltransferases, isoleucine patch superfamily
EP180_RS01345	COG1178	ABC-type Fe3 transport system permease component
EP180_RS01370	COG1210	Utp--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
EP180_RS01390	COG0494	nUDIX hydrolase
EP180_RS01465	COG0635	Involved in the biosynthesis of porphyrin-containing compound
EP180_RS01480	COG3023	N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase
EP180_RS01485	COG1559	Functions as a peptidoglycan terminase that cleaves nascent peptidoglycan strands endolytically to terminate their elongation
EP180_RS01495	COG0281	malic enzyme
EP180_RS01495	COG0280	phosphate acetyltransferase
EP180_RS01550	COG0777	Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl- CoA
EP180_RS01630	COG0034	Catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosylamine from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and glutamine
EP180_RS01645	COG0285	dihydrofolate synthase activity
EP180_RS01660	COG1126	abc transporter atp-binding protein
EP180_RS01730	COG2980	Together with LptD, is involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the surface of the outer membrane. Required for the proper assembly of LptD. Binds LPS and may serve as the LPS recognition site at the outer membrane
EP180_RS01735	COG1466	dna polymerase III delta subunit
EP180_RS01750	COG1561	YicC-like family, N-terminal region
EP180_RS01880	COG0502	Catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin (DTB) to biotin by the insertion of a sulfur atom into dethiobiotin via a radical- based mechanism
EP180_RS01880	COG0161	adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase activity
EP180_RS01890	COG3161	chorismate lyase activity
EP180_RS01925	COG1161	Required for a late step of 50S ribosomal subunit assembly. Has GTPase activity
EP180_RS01930	COG1386	Participates in chromosomal partition during cell division. May act via the formation of a condensin-like complex containing Smc and ScpA that pull DNA away from mid-cell into both cell halves
EP180_RS01955	COG4121	Catalyzes the last two steps in the biosynthesis of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at the wobble position (U34) in tRNA. Catalyzes the FAD-dependent demodification of cmnm(5)s(2)U34 to nm(5)s(2)U34, followed by the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to nm(5)s(2)U34, to form mnm(5)s(2)U34
EP180_RS01955	COG0665	tRNA (5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate)-methyltransferase activity
EP180_RS01975	COG0801	2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase
EP180_RS02005	COG1225	Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase Thiol specific antioxidant Mal allergen
EP180_RS02085	COG0681	Belongs to the peptidase S26 family
EP180_RS02095	COG0775	Catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of the glycosidic bond in both 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) and S- adenosylhomocysteine (SAH AdoHcy) to adenine and the corresponding thioribose, 5'-methylthioribose and S-ribosylhomocysteine, respectively
EP180_RS02115	COG0084	hydrolase, TatD family'
EP180_RS02125	COG0278	Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. Monothiol subfamily
EP180_RS02235	COG1074	ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity
EP180_RS02240	COG2837	iron assimilation
EP180_RS02250	COG0834	ABC-type amino acid transport signal transduction systems periplasmic component domain
EP180_RS02255	COG0765	amino acid transport
EP180_RS02260	COG1126	abc transporter atp-binding protein
EP180_RS02270	COG0652	PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides
EP180_RS02275	COG0471	metal ion transport
EP180_RS02305	COG2867	negative regulation of translational initiation
EP180_RS02310	COG0465	Acts as a processive, ATP-dependent zinc metallopeptidase for both cytoplasmic and membrane proteins. Plays a role in the quality control of integral membrane proteins
EP180_RS02330	COG0626	cystathionine gamma-synthase activity
EP180_RS02340	COG0778	Nitroreductase
EP180_RS02345	COG1187	pseudouridine synthase activity
EP180_RS02360	COG0451	ADP-glyceromanno-heptose 6-epimerase activity
EP180_RS02430	COG0615	ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose biosynthetic process
EP180_RS02430	COG2870	Catalyzes the ADP transfer from ATP to D-glycero-beta-D- manno-heptose 1-phosphate, yielding ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno- heptose
EP180_RS02445	COG3645	SOS response
EP180_RS02465	COG0542	response to heat
EP180_RS02475	COG1278	Cold shock
EP180_RS02480	COG0312	modulator of DNA gyrase
EP180_RS02515	COG1702	phosphate starvation-inducible protein PhoH
EP180_RS02520	COG0438	transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
EP180_RS02610	COG0564	pseudouridine synthase activity
EP180_RS02675	COG1686	Belongs to the peptidase S11 family
EP180_RS02680	COG1171	Catalyzes the anaerobic formation of alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia from threonine in a two-step reaction. The first step involved a dehydration of threonine and a production of enamine intermediates (aminocrotonate), which tautomerizes to its imine form (iminobutyrate). Both intermediates are unstable and short- lived. The second step is the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the enamine imine intermediates to form 2-ketobutyrate and free ammonia. In the low water environment of the cell, the second step is accelerated by RidA
EP180_RS02690	COG4208	sulfate ABC transporter
EP180_RS02705	COG1755	Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase
EP180_RS02715	COG0605	Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems
EP180_RS02725	COG0305	Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication
EP180_RS02770	COG0436	Aminotransferase
EP180_RS02790	COG0582	viral genome integration into host DNA
EP180_RS02910	COG0305	Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication
EP180_RS02960	COG5410	chromosome segregation
EP180_RS03130	COG1292	Belongs to the BCCT transporter (TC 2.A.15) family
EP180_RS03135	COG0318	PFAM AMP-dependent synthetase and ligase
EP180_RS03155	COG2814	Major facilitator Superfamily
EP180_RS03195	COG0394	Belongs to the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family
EP180_RS03205	COG0523	cobalamin synthesis protein
EP180_RS03210	COG0652	PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides
EP180_RS03235	COG0251	oxidation-reduction process
EP180_RS03250	COG0697	spore germination
EP180_RS03255	COG1629	transport
EP180_RS03255	COG4206	TonB-dependent receptor
EP180_RS03270	COG1027	Aspartate ammonia-lyase
EP180_RS03285	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS03305	COG1249	Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family
EP180_RS03315	COG0508	dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of
EP180_RS03320	COG2609	component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2)
EP180_RS03335	COG0179	Fumarylacetoacetate (FAA) hydrolase
EP180_RS03350	COG3045	CreA protein
EP180_RS03365	COG0793	Belongs to the peptidase S41A family
EP180_RS03405	COG2217	Heavy metal translocating P-type atpase
EP180_RS03410	COG0492	ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase activity
EP180_RS03440	COG0730	response to heat
EP180_RS03445	COG1183	phosphatidylcholine synthase activity
EP180_RS03505	COG1485	Reduces the stability of FtsZ polymers in the presence of ATP
EP180_RS03510	COG0627	Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde
EP180_RS03520	COG0789	Transcriptional regulator
EP180_RS03540	COG0733	neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
EP180_RS03550	COG0741	lytic transglycosylase activity
EP180_RS03550	COG1388	LysM domain
EP180_RS03585	COG0209	Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides
EP180_RS03590	COG0208	Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides
EP180_RS03595	COG0633	Ferredoxin
EP180_RS03630	COG1197	Couples transcription and DNA repair by recognizing RNA polymerase (RNAP) stalled at DNA lesions. Mediates ATP-dependent release of RNAP and its truncated transcript from the DNA, and recruitment of nucleotide excision repair machinery to the damaged site
EP180_RS03645	COG2951	lytic endotransglycosylase activity
EP180_RS03675	COG3036	rescue of stalled ribosome
EP180_RS03680	COG0316	Belongs to the HesB IscA family
EP180_RS03685	COG0822	iron-sulfur transferase activity
EP180_RS03715	COG1304	FMN binding
EP180_RS03720	COG3421	Type III restriction
EP180_RS03725	COG2189	Belongs to the N(4) N(6)-methyltransferase family
EP180_RS03730	COG2189	Belongs to the N(4) N(6)-methyltransferase family
EP180_RS03785	COG0513	Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family
EP180_RS03810	COG0171	NAD+ synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity
EP180_RS03840	COG0543	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
EP180_RS03840	COG1018	Is involved in NO detoxification in an aerobic process, termed nitric oxide dioxygenase (NOD) reaction that utilizes O(2) and NAD(P)H to convert NO to nitrate, which protects the bacterium from various noxious nitrogen compounds. Therefore, plays a central role in the inducible response to nitrosative stress
EP180_RS03850	COG2990	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS03865	COG2095	MarC family integral membrane protein
EP180_RS03870	COG1012	belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family
EP180_RS03885	COG0144	Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 967 (m5C967) of 16S rRNA
EP180_RS03885	COG0781	Involved in transcription antitermination. Required for transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Binds specifically to the boxA antiterminator sequence of the ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons
EP180_RS03915	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS03960	COG1636	Catalyzes the conversion of epoxyqueuosine (oQ) to queuosine (Q), which is a hypermodified base found in the wobble positions of tRNA(Asp), tRNA(Asn), tRNA(His) and tRNA(Tyr)
EP180_RS03970	COG2262	GTPase that associates with the 50S ribosomal subunit and may have a role during protein synthesis or ribosome biogenesis
EP180_RS03975	COG2217	Heavy metal translocating P-type atpase
EP180_RS04030	COG2256	atpase related to the helicase subunit of the holliday junction resolvase
EP180_RS04035	COG0610	Subunit R is required for both nuclease and ATPase activities, but not for modification
EP180_RS04110	COG2831	hemolysin activation secretion protein
EP180_RS04125	COG1194	a g-specific adenine glycosylase
EP180_RS04140	COG0800	Aldolase
EP180_RS04150	COG0364	Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone
EP180_RS04290	COG0210	DNA helicase
EP180_RS04320	COG2812	DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. This DNA polymerase also exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity
EP180_RS04345	COG0041	Catalyzes the conversion of N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR) to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR)
EP180_RS04375	COG2197	response regulator
EP180_RS04380	COG3850	Histidine kinase
EP180_RS04390	COG0307	riboflavin synthase, alpha
EP180_RS04405	COG0036	Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family
EP180_RS04435	COG0488	(ABC) transporter
EP180_RS04440	COG1393	Belongs to the ArsC family
EP180_RS04500	COG0466	ATP-dependent serine protease that mediates the selective degradation of mutant and abnormal proteins as well as certain short-lived regulatory proteins. Required for cellular homeostasis and for survival from DNA damage and developmental changes induced by stress. Degrades polypeptides processively to yield small peptide fragments that are 5 to 10 amino acids long. Binds to DNA in a double-stranded, site-specific manner
EP180_RS04525	COG0488	(ABC) transporter
EP180_RS04765	COG4453	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS04810	COG0550	Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus removing DNA supercoils. Finally, in the religation step, the DNA 3'-OH attacks the covalent intermediate to expel the active-site tyrosine and restore the DNA phosphodiester backbone
EP180_RS04850	COG1192	Involved in chromosome partitioning
EP180_RS04880	COG0628	permease
EP180_RS04935	COG0557	exoribonuclease II activity
EP180_RS04955	COG1217	gtp-binding protein TYPA
EP180_RS05015	COG0773	UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase activity
EP180_RS05035	COG0566	Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family
EP180_RS05050	COG1188	Ribosome-associated heat shock protein implicated in the recycling of the 50S subunit, (S4 paralog))
EP180_RS05055	COG2975	iron-sulfur cluster assembly
EP180_RS05100	COG1562	ergosterol biosynthetic process
EP180_RS05105	COG1232	Catalyzes the 6-electron oxidation of protoporphyrinogen-IX to form protoporphyrin-IX
EP180_RS05110	COG0300	oxidoreductase activity
EP180_RS05145	COG0593	it binds specifically double-stranded DNA at a 9 bp consensus (dnaA box) 5'-TTATC CA A CA A-3'. DnaA binds to ATP and to acidic phospholipids
EP180_RS05170	COG2866	Carboxypeptidase
EP180_RS05180	COG3318	Belongs to the UPF0149 family
EP180_RS05180	COG3012	SEC-C Motif Domain Protein
EP180_RS05250	COG2961	Specifically methylates the adenine in position 2030 of 23S rRNA
EP180_RS05270	COG2841	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS05300	COG1476	TRANSCRIPTIONal
EP180_RS05315	COG0586	Pfam SNARE associated Golgi protein
EP180_RS05320	COG0488	(ABC) transporter
EP180_RS05345	COG0026	Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of 5- aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (AIR) and HCO(3)(-) to N5- carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR)
EP180_RS05355	COG4150	thiosulfate binding
EP180_RS05380	COG2801	Transposase and inactivated derivatives
EP180_RS05385	COG2801	Transposase and inactivated derivatives
EP180_RS05390	COG2963	transposase activity
EP180_RS05405	COG1773	rubredoxin
EP180_RS05425	COG0277	FAD linked oxidase domain protein
EP180_RS05485	COG0791	NLP P60 protein
EP180_RS05490	COG1502	Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol
EP180_RS05495	COG0477	Major facilitator Superfamily
EP180_RS05500	COG0247	lactate metabolic process
EP180_RS05510	COG1139	Iron-sulfur cluster binding protein
EP180_RS05525	COG2801	Transposase and inactivated derivatives
EP180_RS05530	COG2801	Transposase and inactivated derivatives
EP180_RS05535	COG2963	transposase activity
EP180_RS05560	COG1249	Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family
EP180_RS05565	COG0508	dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of
EP180_RS05570	COG0567	Dehydrogenase, E1 component
EP180_RS05590	COG0479	Belongs to the succinate dehydrogenase fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein family
EP180_RS05600	COG2142	Succinate dehydrogenase hydrophobic membrane anchor
EP180_RS05620	COG0678	peroxiredoxin activity
EP180_RS05620	COG0695	Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins
EP180_RS05660	COG2813	Specifically methylates the guanine in position
EP180_RS05660	COG2021	Transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to L- homoserine, forming acetyl-L-homoserine
EP180_RS05695	COG0590	tRNA wobble adenosine to inosine editing
EP180_RS05775	COG0589	response to stress
EP180_RS05785	COG1179	involved in molybdopterin and THIamine biosynthesis family 1
EP180_RS05795	COG1354	Participates in chromosomal partition during cell division. May act via the formation of a condensin-like complex containing Smc and ScpB that pull DNA away from mid-cell into both cell halves
EP180_RS05825	COG0765	amino acid transport
EP180_RS05855	COG0847	DNA polymerase III is a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria. The epsilon subunit contain the editing function and is a proofreading 3'-5' exonuclease
EP180_RS05895	COG1562	ergosterol biosynthetic process
EP180_RS05915	COG0277	FAD linked oxidase domain protein
EP180_RS05945	COG0859	PFAM glycosyl transferase family 9
EP180_RS05955	COG0350	Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated
EP180_RS05985	COG3945	hemerythrin HHE cation binding domain
EP180_RS06070	COG1734	Transcription factor that acts by binding directly to the RNA polymerase (RNAP). Required for negative regulation of rRNA expression and positive regulation of several amino acid biosynthesis promoters
EP180_RS06145	COG2070	2-Nitropropane dioxygenase
EP180_RS06155	COG0348	domain, Protein
EP180_RS06180	COG0697	spore germination
EP180_RS06195	COG2814	Major facilitator Superfamily
EP180_RS06270	COG0436	Aminotransferase
EP180_RS06275	COG1942	4-Oxalocrotonate Tautomerase
EP180_RS06315	COG1607	acyl-coa hydrolase
EP180_RS06330	COG1253	flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
EP180_RS06345	COG1012	belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family
EP180_RS06365	COG1966	Carbon starvation protein
EP180_RS06375	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS06465	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS06495	COG1607	acyl-coa hydrolase
EP180_RS06500	COG4221	oxidoreductase activity
EP180_RS06545	COG3617	BRO family, N-terminal domain
EP180_RS06640	COG1484	DNA-dependent DNA replication
EP180_RS06645	COG1802	Transcriptional regulator
EP180_RS06645	COG4626	Terminase
EP180_RS06910	COG0564	pseudouridine synthase activity
EP180_RS06915	COG0561	phosphatase activity
EP180_RS06925	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS06930	COG0347	Belongs to the P(II) protein family
EP180_RS06945	COG0640	Transcriptional regulator
EP180_RS06960	COG2239	Acts as a magnesium transporter
EP180_RS06975	COG0791	NLP P60 protein
EP180_RS06990	COG1380	Effector of murein hydrolase LrgA
EP180_RS06995	COG1346	cytolysis
EP180_RS07005	COG0038	chloride channel
EP180_RS07010	COG1643	Atp-dependent helicase
EP180_RS07025	COG1643	Atp-dependent helicase
EP180_RS07060	COG0512	Glutamine amidotransferase of anthranilate synthase
EP180_RS07110	COG0318	PFAM AMP-dependent synthetase and ligase
EP180_RS07145	COG2431	L-lysine efflux transmembrane transporter activity
EP180_RS07150	COG1802	Transcriptional regulator
EP180_RS07160	COG1765	OsmC-like protein
EP180_RS07170	COG0299	Catalyzes the transfer of a formyl group from 10- formyltetrahydrofolate to 5-phospho-ribosyl-glycinamide (GAR), producing 5-phospho-ribosyl-N-formylglycinamide (FGAR) and tetrahydrofolate
EP180_RS07200	COG1049	propionate catabolic process, 2-methylcitrate cycle
EP180_RS07225	COG0028	Belongs to the TPP enzyme family
EP180_RS07235	COG1999	signal sequence binding
EP180_RS07280	COG0616	signal peptide processing
EP180_RS07305	COG0558	Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family
EP180_RS07315	COG0599	Antioxidant protein with alkyl hydroperoxidase activity. Required for the reduction of the AhpC active site cysteine residues and for the regeneration of the AhpC enzyme activity
EP180_RS07455	COG1619	proteins homologs of microcin C7 resistance protein MccF
EP180_RS07470	COG1262	PFAM Formylglycine-generating sulfatase enzyme
EP180_RS07500	COG0778	Nitroreductase
EP180_RS07505	COG2194	sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
EP180_RS07535	COG0486	Exhibits a very high intrinsic GTPase hydrolysis rate. Involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA- cmnm(5)s(2)U34
EP180_RS07545	COG1272	protein, Hemolysin III
EP180_RS07550	COG1115	amino acid carrier protein
EP180_RS07625	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS07695	COG0452	Catalyzes two steps in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A. In the first step cysteine is conjugated to 4'-phosphopantothenate to form 4-phosphopantothenoylcysteine, in the latter compound is decarboxylated to form 4'-phosphopantotheine
EP180_RS07700	COG0317	In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5-' diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response that coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance
EP180_RS07720	COG0561	phosphatase activity
EP180_RS07730	COG0826	peptidase U32
EP180_RS07755	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS07765	COG2995	paraquat-inducible protein a
EP180_RS07770	COG3008	intermembrane lipid transfer
EP180_RS07770	COG1463	ABC-type transport system involved in resistance to organic solvents, periplasmic component
EP180_RS07780	COG0519	Catalyzes the synthesis of GMP from XMP
EP180_RS07815	COG3245	cytochrome
EP180_RS07825	COG1448	Aminotransferase
EP180_RS07860	COG1052	Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family
EP180_RS07875	COG0252	asparaginase activity
EP180_RS07880	COG0586	Pfam SNARE associated Golgi protein
EP180_RS07895	COG2876	3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase activity
EP180_RS07925	COG1028	Short-chain dehydrogenase reductase Sdr
EP180_RS07960	COG0733	neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
EP180_RS07985	COG0334	Belongs to the Glu Leu Phe Val dehydrogenases family
EP180_RS07995	COG2186	Transcriptional regulator
EP180_RS08000	COG1620	l-lactate permease
EP180_RS08045	COG2978	secondary active p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
EP180_RS08050	COG1330	A helicase nuclease that prepares dsDNA breaks (DSB) for recombinational DNA repair. Binds to DSBs and unwinds DNA via a highly rapid and processive ATP-dependent bidirectional helicase activity. Unwinds dsDNA until it encounters a Chi (crossover hotspot instigator) sequence from the 3' direction. Cuts ssDNA a few nucleotides 3' to the Chi site. The properties and activities of the enzyme are changed at Chi. The Chi-altered holoenzyme produces a long 3'-ssDNA overhang and facilitates RecA-binding to the ssDNA for homologous DNA recombination and repair. Holoenzyme degrades any linearized DNA that is unable to undergo homologous recombination. In the holoenzyme this subunit recognizes the wild- type Chi sequence, and when added to isolated RecB increases its ATP-dependent helicase processivity
EP180_RS08065	COG2010	Cytochrome c
EP180_RS08080	COG3278	Belongs to the heme-copper respiratory oxidase family
EP180_RS08090	COG3453	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS08090	COG0491	Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D- lactoyl-glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid
EP180_RS08110	COG1994	Peptidase M50
EP180_RS08115	COG2999	glutathione oxidoreductase activity
EP180_RS08125	COG0317	In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5-' diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response that coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance
EP180_RS08235	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS08245	COG2440	electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
EP180_RS08245	COG0644	oxidoreductase
EP180_RS08255	COG1277	ABC-type transport system involved in multi-copper enzyme maturation permease component
EP180_RS08275	COG0348	domain, Protein
EP180_RS08275	COG3901	Regulator of nitric oxide reductase transcription
EP180_RS08320	COG1522	sequence-specific DNA binding
EP180_RS08330	COG2832	Protein of unknown function (DUF454)
EP180_RS08345	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS08380	COG1477	protein flavinylation
EP180_RS08385	COG2991	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS08395	COG1045	serine acetyltransferase
EP180_RS08445	COG1116	anion transmembrane transporter activity
EP180_RS08460	COG1198	Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA
EP180_RS08465	COG1651	Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins. Acts by transferring its disulfide bond to other proteins and is reduced in the process
EP180_RS08475	COG0845	Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family
EP180_RS08485	COG1064	alcohol dehydrogenase
EP180_RS08495	COG1196	nuclear chromosome segregation
EP180_RS08520	COG1620	l-lactate permease
EP180_RS08540	COG1448	Aminotransferase
EP180_RS08610	COG0560	Phosphoserine phosphatase
EP180_RS08620	COG3288	NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity
EP180_RS08630	COG1282	The transhydrogenation between NADH and NADP is coupled to respiration and ATP hydrolysis and functions as a proton pump across the membrane
EP180_RS08635	COG2249	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) activity
EP180_RS08645	COG0583	DNA-binding transcription factor activity
EP180_RS08680	COG0500	methyltransferase
EP180_RS08685	COG2830	Protein of unknown function (DUF452)
EP180_RS08695	COG2265	Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family
EP180_RS08700	COG1376	ErfK ybiS ycfS ynhG family protein
EP180_RS08705	COG0471	metal ion transport
EP180_RS08805	COG0802	atpase or kinase
EP180_RS08865	COG0697	spore germination
EP180_RS08900	COG0287	Prephenate dehydrogenase
EP180_RS08920	COG1959	2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
EP180_RS08925	COG0009	L-threonylcarbamoyladenylate synthase
EP180_RS08955	COG0372	Belongs to the citrate synthase family
EP180_RS08970	COG2252	PERMEase
EP180_RS09045	COG0770	UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide-D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase activity
EP180_RS09050	COG2194	sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
EP180_RS09115	COG2960	long-chain fatty acid transporting porin activity
EP180_RS09175	COG0708	Exodeoxyribonuclease III
EP180_RS09225	COG0637	HAD-superfamily hydrolase subfamily IA, variant 3
EP180_RS09250	COG0488	(ABC) transporter
EP180_RS09255	COG1267	Lipid phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) to phosphatidylglycerol (PG)
EP180_RS09260	COG0611	Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of thiamine- monophosphate (TMP) to form thiamine-pyrophosphate (TPP), the active form of vitamin B1
EP180_RS09285	COG0583	DNA-binding transcription factor activity
EP180_RS09290	COG0664	- Catabolite gene activator and regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein
EP180_RS09295	COG0635	Involved in the biosynthesis of porphyrin-containing compound
EP180_RS09410	COG2814	Major facilitator Superfamily
EP180_RS09440	COG1137	ATPase activity
EP180_RS09445	COG1934	Involved in the assembly of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for the translocation of LPS from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. May form a bridge between the inner membrane and the outer membrane, via interactions with LptC and LptD, thereby facilitating LPS transfer across the periplasm
EP180_RS09455	COG1778	Involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDO 8-P) to 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO) and inorganic phosphate
EP180_RS09575	COG1484	DNA-dependent DNA replication
EP180_RS09695	COG0569	domain protein
EP180_RS09715	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS09730	COG0351	phosphomethylpyrimidine kinase
EP180_RS09805	COG3617	BRO family, N-terminal domain
EP180_RS09835	COG2350	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS09860	COG2956	Modulates cellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels by regulating LpxC, which is involved in lipid A biosynthesis. May act by modulating the proteolytic activity of FtsH towards LpxC. May also coordinate assembly of proteins involved in LPS synthesis at the plasma membrane
EP180_RS09875	COG0115	Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family
EP180_RS09940	COG0142	geranyltranstransferase activity
EP180_RS10000	COG1738	Involved in the import of queuosine (Q) precursors, required for Q precursor salvage
EP180_RS10010	COG0739	heme binding
EP180_RS10050	COG1981	membrane
EP180_RS10055	COG2954	triphosphatase activity
EP180_RS10065	COG0722	Stereospecific condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) giving rise to 3-deoxy-D- arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP)
EP180_RS10140	COG0541	Involved in targeting and insertion of nascent membrane proteins into the cytoplasmic membrane. Binds to the hydrophobic signal sequence of the ribosome-nascent chain (RNC) as it emerges from the ribosomes. The SRP-RNC complex is then targeted to the cytoplasmic membrane where it interacts with the SRP receptor FtsY
EP180_RS10165	COG2259	Doxx family
EP180_RS10170	COG0583	DNA-binding transcription factor activity
EP180_RS10175	COG0415	Belongs to the DNA photolyase family
EP180_RS10180	COG1199	ATP-dependent helicase activity
EP180_RS10190	COG1835	transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
EP180_RS10210	COG0557	exoribonuclease II activity
EP180_RS10220	COG0760	Chaperone involved in the correct folding and assembly of outer membrane proteins. Recognizes specific patterns of aromatic residues and the orientation of their side chains, which are found more frequently in integral outer membrane proteins. May act in both early periplasmic and late outer membrane-associated steps of protein maturation
EP180_RS10235	COG1651	Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins. Acts by transferring its disulfide bond to other proteins and is reduced in the process
EP180_RS10255	COG0514	ATP-dependent DNA helicase (RecQ)
EP180_RS10270	COG2226	methyltransferase
EP180_RS10280	COG1040	competence protein
EP180_RS10285	COG0219	Methylates the ribose at the nucleotide 34 wobble position in the two leucyl isoacceptors tRNA(Leu)(CmAA) and tRNA(Leu)(cmnm5UmAA). Catalyzes the methyl transfer from S- adenosyl-L-methionine to the 2'-OH of the wobble nucleotide
EP180_RS10315	COG1132	(ABC) transporter
EP180_RS10330	COG0142	geranyltranstransferase activity
EP180_RS10405	COG1894	NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain
EP180_RS10410	COG1905	PFAM NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 24 kDa subunit
EP180_RS10430	COG0838	NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron- sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient
EP180_RS10445	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS10470	COG0210	DNA helicase
EP180_RS10505	COG0304	beta-ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase II activity
EP180_RS10535	COG0753	catalase activity
EP180_RS10545	COG1858	cytochrome C peroxidase
EP180_RS10555	COG0339	signal peptide processing
EP180_RS10575	COG1760	l-serine dehydratase
EP180_RS10620	COG0057	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity
EP180_RS10670	COG1530	ribonuclease E activity
EP180_RS10680	COG1115	amino acid carrier protein
EP180_RS10695	COG1192	Involved in chromosome partitioning
EP180_RS10795	COG1115	amino acid carrier protein
EP180_RS10895	COG0257	Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family
EP180_RS10905	COG0201	protein transport
EP180_RS11110	COG0690	P-P-bond-hydrolysis-driven protein transmembrane transporter activity
EP180_RS11140	COG1145	4fe-4S ferredoxin, iron-sulfur binding domain protein
EP180_RS11145	COG0742	ribosomal rna small subunit methyltransferase
EP180_RS11175	COG0758	DNA mediated transformation
EP180_RS11175	COG0272	DNA ligase that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester linkages between 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups in double-stranded DNA using NAD as a coenzyme and as the energy source for the reaction. It is essential for DNA replication and repair of damaged DNA
EP180_RS11180	COG2204	response regulator
EP180_RS11185	COG5000	phosphorelay sensor kinase activity
EP180_RS11215	COG1652	LysM domain
EP180_RS11265	COG0469	pyruvate kinase activity
EP180_RS11295	COG0786	glutamate:sodium symporter activity
EP180_RS11370	COG1297	OPT oligopeptide transporter protein
EP180_RS11440	COG0345	Catalyzes the reduction of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (PCA) to L-proline
EP180_RS11465	COG1289	transmembrane transporter activity
EP180_RS11500	COG0362	Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6- phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH
EP180_RS11505	COG1519	Transferase
EP180_RS11515	COG0861	Integral membrane protein TerC family
EP180_RS11545	COG2884	Cell division ATP-binding protein ftsE
EP180_RS11555	COG0526	COG0526, thiol-disulfide isomerase and thioredoxins
EP180_RS11610	COG1335	isochorismatase
EP180_RS11615	COG0859	PFAM glycosyl transferase family 9
EP180_RS11630	COG1739	Uncharacterized protein family UPF0029
EP180_RS11670	COG1595	DNA-templated transcription, initiation
EP180_RS11675	COG3219	Protein conserved in bacteria
EP180_RS11690	COG2259	Doxx family
EP180_RS11715	COG3104	oligopeptide transport
EP180_RS11725	COG0729	surface antigen
EP180_RS11780	COG1058	Belongs to the CinA family
EP180_RS11780	COG1546	Belongs to the CinA family
EP180_RS11785	COG3004	Na( ) H( ) antiporter that extrudes sodium in exchange for external protons
EP180_RS11785	COG0616	signal peptide processing
EP180_RS11945	COG0024	Methionine aminopeptidase
EP180_RS11975	COG3038	cytochrome b561
EP180_RS12005	COG0708	Exodeoxyribonuclease III
EP180_RS12055	COG0615	ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose biosynthetic process
EP180_RS12115	COG0312	modulator of DNA gyrase
EP180_RS12120	COG0765	amino acid transport
EP180_RS12130	COG1126	abc transporter atp-binding protein
EP180_RS12135	COG0834	ABC-type amino acid transport signal transduction systems periplasmic component domain
EP180_RS12145	COG2056	Na+-H+ antiporter family
EP180_RS12165	COG0476	Involved in molybdopterin and thiamine biosynthesis, family 2
EP180_RS12215	COG0583	DNA-binding transcription factor activity
EP180_RS12225	COG0723	plastoquinol--plastocyanin reductase activity
EP180_RS12230	COG1290	Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is a respiratory chain that generates an electrochemical potential coupled to ATP synthesis
EP180_RS12235	COG2857	Cytochrome c1
EP180_RS12245	COG0491	Thiolesterase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D- lactoyl-glutathione to form glutathione and D-lactic acid
EP180_RS12250	COG1793	dna ligase
EP180_RS12255	COG0634	Belongs to the purine pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family
EP180_RS12270	COG1080	General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. Enzyme I transfers the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr)
EP180_RS12275	COG3842	ATPase activity
EP180_RS12380	COG2824	Alkylphosphonate utilization operon protein PhnA
EP180_RS12410	COG1546	Belongs to the CinA family
EP180_RS12580	COG1368	sulfuric ester hydrolase activity
EP180_RS12590	COG0814	amino acid
EP180_RS12610	COG3265	gluconokinase activity
EP180_RS12625	COG0288	reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
EP180_RS12635	COG0799	negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis
EP180_RS12665	COG3676	manually curated
EP180_RS12670	COG4604	ABC transporter, ATP-binding protein
EP180_RS12680	COG4605	iron ion homeostasis
EP180_RS12685	COG4606	Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. FecCD subfamily
EP180_RS12720	COG0733	neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
EP180_RS12750	COG4316	Uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria (DUF2251)
EP180_RS12820	COG0147	Part of a heterotetrameric complex that catalyzes the two-step biosynthesis of anthranilate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan. In the first step, the glutamine- binding beta subunit (TrpG) of anthranilate synthase (AS) provides the glutamine amidotransferase activity which generates ammonia as a substrate that, along with chorismate, is used in the second step, catalyzed by the large alpha subunit of AS (TrpE) to produce anthranilate. In the absence of TrpG, TrpE can synthesize anthranilate directly from chorismate and high concentrations of ammonia
EP180_RS12820	COG0512	Glutamine amidotransferase of anthranilate synthase
EP180_RS12830	COG1012	belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family
EP180_RS12850	COG1127	ABC transporter
EP180_RS12855	COG0767	ABC-type transport system involved in resistance to organic solvents, permease component
EP180_RS12860	COG1463	ABC-type transport system involved in resistance to organic solvents, periplasmic component
EP180_RS12865	COG2854	intermembrane phospholipid transfer
EP180_RS12885	COG0824	Thioesterase
EP180_RS12920	COG0625	glutathione transferase activity
EP180_RS12925	COG2969	positive regulation of protein catabolic process
EP180_RS12930	COG1610	YqeY-like protein
EP180_RS12950	COG1135	Part of the ABC transporter complex MetNIQ involved in methionine import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system
EP180_RS12955	COG2011	ABC-type metal ion transport system permease component
EP180_RS12960	COG1464	Belongs to the NlpA lipoprotein family
EP180_RS12995	COG0356	it plays a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane
EP180_RS13045	COG1216	Glycosyl transferase, family 2
EP180_RS13070	COG1385	rRNA (uridine-N3-)-methyltransferase activity
EP180_RS13075	COG0483	inositol monophosphate 1-phosphatase activity
EP180_RS13090	COG1028	Short-chain dehydrogenase reductase Sdr
EP180_RS13105	COG0331	[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity
EP180_RS13155	COG1399	metal-binding, possibly nucleic acid-binding protein
EP180_RS13290	COG2948	multi-organism process
EP180_RS13300	COG3504	Conjugal transfer protein
EP180_RS13305	COG3701	Conjugal transfer protein
EP180_RS13310	COG3451	type IV secretory pathway VirB4
EP180_RS13320	COG3838	Conjugal transfer protein Trbc
EP180_RS13325	COG4962	Type ii secretion system protein e
EP180_RS13335	COG0629	single-stranded DNA binding
EP180_RS13410	COG0550	Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA, which is introduced during the DNA replication and transcription, by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex. Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA. The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(5'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 3'-OH DNA strand. The free DNA strand then undergoes passage around the unbroken strand, thus removing DNA supercoils. Finally, in the religation step, the DNA 3'-OH attacks the covalent intermediate to expel the active-site tyrosine and restore the DNA phosphodiester backbone